Introduction about Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located in Southwest Asia on a wide area of the Arabian Peninsula. Its western limit is defined by the Red Sea; its northern limit is defined by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the Republic of Iraq and the country of Kuwait; its eastern limit is defined by the Arabian Gulf, the State of Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman; whereas its southern limit is defined by the Republic of Yemen.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was officially established on the 21 Jamada Al-Awwal 1351 A.H. corresponding to 22 September 1932 A.D. but its roots go back to the year 1157 A.H. (1744 A.D.) when the first Saudi State was established by its Prince Mohammad Ben Saoud and has lasted around 75 years.
However the second Saudi state has started in the year 1340 A.H. (1834 A.D.) the year in which the Imam Turkey Ben Abdullah has occupied the city of Riyadh and liberated all of Najad from the control of Mohammed Ali Bacha.
This state lasted (75) years governed successively by nine individuals and in the fifth day of Shawwal in the year 1319 A.H. His Majesty King Abed Al-Aziz – May God Rest His Soul in Peace – was able to recuperate his ancestors property and govern Riyadh and within 22 years he established his young kingdom
Area 2.250.000 km2
Population:
The population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is estimated at around twenty million distributed according to the gender and nationality as per the date of the population’s general consensus held in the year 1993 A.D.
36.6 % Saudi males.
36.0 % Saudi females.
19.3 % non-Saudi males.
8.1 % non-Saudi females.
They are distributed on the Kingdom’s regions as follows:
23 % Riyadh
27 % Holy Mecca
15 % Eastern Province
8 % Assir
6 % Medina
5 % Jizan
4 % Qasim
12 % the rest of the regions
Kingdom’s Currency:
The main currency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the Saudi riyal that is equal to 100 halalas and is exchangeable for other currencies. One US dollar equals around 3.75 Saudi riyals.
Measures and Gauges:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia adopts the metric system and the kilogram in weight.
Date:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia adopts the Hijri calendar based on the Hegira of the Messenger of God (pbuh) from Holy Mecca to Medina. The number of days in the lunar Hijri year is 354 days divided into twelve lunar months.
Kingdom’s Flag:
The flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rectangular; its width is equal to one third of its length and the Shahada (There is No God but Allah, Mohammad is the Messenger of Allah) is located in the middle with a third line, underneath it is located an Arab sword whose grip is directed toward the flagpole. In respect for the Shahada written on the flag, it should not be hung at half-mast or touch the ground or water.
The Kingdom’s Slogan:
The slogan of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is composed of two intersecting bent Arab swords with a palm tree. The two swords symbolize strength, force and sacrifice, whereas the palm tree symbolizes vitality, development and welfare
Timing:
The timing of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is 3 hours ahead of Greenwich Time.
The Kingdom’s International Phone Code:
+ 966 then the region’s code (1) Riyadh, (2) Jeddah, (3) Dammam/Al-Dhahran/Al-Khobar.
Constitution and Governing Regime
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the Holy Koran, the Sunnah of the Prophet Mohammad and all of the legislative rules and regulations inspired by these two sources.
The governing regime in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the royal regime. The Council of Ministers and the King constitute the state’s executive and legislative authority and the Shoura Council expresses its opinion in the state’s general policies referred to it by the Prime Minister.